THE WORLD BETWEEN WARS 1900-1950 : PART 1 (INTRODUCTION)


 KEY CONCEPTS:

◇World Wars: Ominous Facts

  •Death and destruction

  •Power Blocks


◇Causes of the two World Wars compared

•Aggressive nationalism

• Imperialism

•Secret alliances

•Militarism


◇The special context of the Second World War

●The Treaty of Versailles 

●The League of Nations

●German Challenge to vengeful domination 

●The fear of Socialism and the USSR


◇Consequences of the World Wars

●Enormous human cost

●Democratic principles asserted

●Change in balance of power

●New International organisations

●Enfranchisement of women


POINTS TO REMEMBER:

◇At the beginning of the 20th Century, the World was divided into the West' which was experiencing economic growth and 'the Rest' whose acute backwardness was worsened by colonial exploitation by the West.

◇The 20th Century was called as a 'period of extremes'. 'great expectations, experiments' and 'dangerous developments'.

◇Before the First World War (1914-1918) and Second World War (1939-45), the World was divided into rival blocks.

Before World War - I: The Central powers Vs the Entente or Allies.

Before World War II: the Allied Vs the Axis powers.


◇The two World Wars caused for the greater loss of life and property.

◇The immediate provocation for World War I was the murder of Archduke Ferdinand of Austria by a Serbian fanatic on 28th, June, 1914.


◇The immediate provocation of World War -II was the German tanks driving into Poland on September 1st. 1939.

◇Aggressive Nationalism, Imperialism, Secret Alliances and Militarism were the three main long term factors which led to World War - 1.

◇World War-I ended with the conference on peace at Versailles in 1919. This was the biggest conference as it was attended by 32 national delegations and they covered three-fourths of the population of the World.

◇In Russia a revolution took place in 1917 which resulted in the establishment of a Communist State under leadership of Vladimir Lenin.

◇The two Wars also brought home the dangers of having undemocratic governments and greatly strengthened the case for democratisation of power.

◇ After World War - I, the League of Nations was formed to resolve disputes peacefully and the United Nations Organisation (UNO) was formed after World War - II.

◇ UNO performs its functions through the six principal organs and specialised Agencies like UNICEF. UNESCO, WHO, ILO etc.,


GLOSSARY - KEY WORDS :

Industrial Capitalism: It is an economic system in which trade, industry and the means of production are controlled by private owners with goal of making profits in a market economy.

Alliances: A close associations of countries in order to protect their freedom and the commercial and economic interests in international arena.

Aggressive Nationalism: The ideology of Nationalism which create pride in one self about their mother land and hatred against neighbours.

Militarism: The ideology which believes the military might is the best way to ensure security to the country and War is a good way to solve problems.

Fascism: It is a form of radical authoritarian nationalism in Italy which roused feelings of racial superiority and adopted aggressive policies of Annexations with imperial designs.

Imperialism: The rivalry in colonial expansion among the industrialised westem powers by the end of the 19th century.

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